{"id":5184,"date":"2020-06-23T04:09:34","date_gmt":"2020-06-23T04:09:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/khonggianxanh.online\/?p=5184"},"modified":"2022-10-13T13:00:16","modified_gmt":"2022-10-13T13:00:16","slug":"dam-bao-do-ben-cua-ban-cong-cac-chi-tiet-chong-tham-truoc-thu-thach-cua-thoi-gian","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ngutuongvien.vn\/blog\/dam-bao-do-ben-cua-ban-cong-cac-chi-tiet-chong-tham-truoc-thu-thach-cua-thoi-gian\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ban c\u00f4ng: C\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eed th\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n
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C\u00e1c ban c\u00f4ng khung g\u1ed7 c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng cao do r\u00f2 r\u1ec9, h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y. Tr\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi. T\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u1ea9n do n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i v\u00e0o.<\/span> V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 mu\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m. V\u00f4 s\u1ed1 ban c\u00f4ng khung g\u1ed7 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i thay th\u1ebf v\u00ec m\u1ee5c n\u00e1t nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. C\u00f9ng Greenteck<\/a> t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u qua b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ban c\u00f4ng: C\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m<\/h2>\n

\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a khung g\u1ed7 ban c\u00f4ng r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/span> C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0ng quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ban c\u00f4ng. Ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ban c\u00f4ng s\u1edbm h\u1ecfng.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Ban c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp v\u1ecf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i t\u00f2a nh\u00e0. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng cho ki\u1ec3u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh s\u00e0n tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng, xuy\u00ean c\u1ed9t, ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1eeda v\u00e0 n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi lan can.<\/span> Ch\u00fang d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang h\u1ee9ng l\u1ea5y l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a. V\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng giao nhau.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ban c\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a khung g\u1ed7 t\u1eeb s\u00e0n b\u00ean trong xu\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m d\u1ed1c s\u00e0n.<\/span><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ban c\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. Bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m b\u00ea t\u00f4ng tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng ph\u1ee7 m\u00e0ng ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m b\u00ean tr\u00ean khung g\u1ed7. Ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 \u1edf cho nhi\u1ec1u gia \u0111\u00ecnh. V\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong nh\u00e0 \u1edf v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i.<\/span> M\u1ee5c n\u00e1t g\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a khung ban c\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 r\u1ee7i ro th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n lan r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n m\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh khai qu\u1eadt h\u01a1n 200 l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng ban c\u00f4ng. Trong c\u00e1c c\u0103n h\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian 10 n\u0103m. V\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra h\u01a1n 40% thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n.<\/span> Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t tr\u00ean h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ngh\u00ecn ban c\u00f4ng. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng ban c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/span><\/h2>\n

C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0ng ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u01b0ng h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t khi ch\u00fang tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed1t.<\/span> Ngay c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng nh\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c l\u1ed7 \u0111inh c\u0169ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1ed7 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 khi m\u00e0ng c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ecdng tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3.<\/span> V\u00ec v\u1eady, l\u00e0m d\u1ed1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac g\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Khe c\u1eeda ch\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp v\u00e0 bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 kim lo\u1ea1i t\u1ea5m cho nh\u00e0 \u1edf c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i qu\u1ed1c gia. Nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i t\u1ea5m (SMACNA) \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 20 mm tr\u00ean 1 m (1\/4 inch tr\u00ean 1 foot). \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c t\u1ed1i \u0111a (hai ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m) cho ph\u00e9p. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ed1t b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c c\u1eeda c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. S\u1ebd \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho nhi\u1ec1u ban c\u00f4ng nh\u00e0 \u1edf.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u quy t\u1eafc v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, tuy nhi\u00ean h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ban c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd d\u1ed1c h\u01a1n hai ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m. V\u00ec \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea1c trong s\u00e2n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eang \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd. S\u1ebd r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u00edt \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f9ng. V\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c danh ngh\u0129a hai ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a ban c\u00f4ng<\/h2>\n

C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a ban c\u00f4ng c\u0169ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 sau. N\u00ean l\u00e0m th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea7n cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u00e0n ban c\u00f4ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n ph\u1ea7n cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u00e0n trong ph\u00f2ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf vi\u1ec7c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea5m v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1eeda. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh cho nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh. B\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf kho\u1ea3ng 13mm (1\/2 inch). Bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 chi\u1ec1u cao c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1eeda. B\u1edfi b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt Fair Housing v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00e1c. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ban c\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

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Trong kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t, g\u1ed7 m\u1ee5c b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1eeda c\u1ee7a ban c\u00f4ng l\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. Nh\u01b0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i bao g\u1ed3m h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 l\u1edbp ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i (r\u00e1ch ho\u1eb7c c\u1eaft) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ebft r\u00e1ch.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Vi\u1ec7c ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 ban c\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khung g\u1ed7 ch\u01b0a qua x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u00e0 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng. G\u1ed7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng chi ph\u00ed\u2014 cho s\u00e0n g\u1ed7, c\u1ed9t, g\u1ed7 x\u1ebb k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u00e0 \u1ed1c v\u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 \u0103n m\u00f2n do ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n g\u00e2y ra. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khung k\u00e8o g\u1ed7 \u0111\u00e3 qua x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. V\u00ec c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n cho c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n h\u1ee3p l\u00fd nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh cho n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi g\u1ed7 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m cho ph\u1ea7n c\u1eeda<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Sau khi khung g\u1ed7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m cho ph\u1ea7n c\u1eeda (h\u00ecnh 2). M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 nh\u1eadn ra \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u1ed7 m\u1ee5c ngay b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1eeda. C\u1eeda ba chi\u1ec1u cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng giao nhau c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m th\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p L\u1ed7 ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea1y ngang qua thanh ch\u1eafn c\u1eeda v\u00e0 bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m ph\u00eda sau t\u1ea5m \u1ed1p.<\/p>\n

Trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t c\u00e1c khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng khi\u1ebfn cho vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea5m n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf c\u1eeda bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

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  • Ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1eeda kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y m\u00f3ng v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m;<\/li>\n
  • ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a mi\u1ebfng ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m b\u1ecb h\u1edf ra (kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c che ph\u1ee7 b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1edbp ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m);<\/li>\n
  • Ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m c\u1ee7a c\u1eeda kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m t\u01b0\u1eddng (l\u1edbp bao ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eb1ng sau v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng);<\/li>\n
  • V\u1ebft r\u00e1ch tr\u00ean mi\u1ebfng ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
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    \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng bao ngo\u00e0i mi\u1ebfng ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 l\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb1ng sau t\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc..<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

    Thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i l\u00ean mi\u1ebfng ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng; l\u1ed1i \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1edfi r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1eeda \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1ea1t (H\u00ecnh 3)<\/p>\n

    \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng bao ngo\u00e0i mi\u1ebfng ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m<\/strong><\/h2>\n

    B\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bao ngo\u00e0i ban c\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3ng bao ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u1ed9t n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3ng khung v\u00e0o ban c\u00f4ng. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, tuy nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 \u00edt c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ecb \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt. V\u1ebft r\u00e1ch n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e1 c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u00e0 x\u00e2y m\u00f3ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9, v\u1edbi keo b\u1ecb k\u00edn c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

    T\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 b\u1eb1ng m\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 d\u00ednh (SAF) ho\u1eb7c m\u00e0ng ph\u1ee7 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng (LAM). \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n t\u1ed1i \u0111a, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb n\u00ean quan t\u00e2m chi ti\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a SAF v\u1edbi LAM \u0111\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1m d\u00ednh ban \u0111\u1ea7u (H\u00ecnh 4).<\/p>\n

    Mi\u1ebfng ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m<\/h3>\n

    Mi\u1ebfng ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m bao ngo\u00e0i c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc (WRB) b\u00ean tr\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ec3 cho WRB \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3p qua t\u1ea5m ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m. Mi\u1ebfng ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m (v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u00e0ng ch\u1eafn) n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1edbi mi\u1ebfng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 v\u00f2ng, v\u1ebft r\u00e1ch v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n

    \"\"
    <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

    Ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf n\u00ean cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u chi ti\u1ebft c\u1eaft qua m\u1ed7i giao \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a tr\u1ee5c tung v\u00e0 tr\u1ee5c ho\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n, v\u00e0 g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u00f9ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ba chi\u1ec1u. S\u1ebd t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu cho th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp r\u00e1p c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0y t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t qua b\u1ea3n h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u00e3n, v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 th\u00eam l\u1edbp ch\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf c\u00e1c giao \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u01b0 n\u00e0y. Ch\u1ec9 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n cung c\u1ea5p b\u1edfi nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 chi ti\u1ebft b\u1edfi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u giao \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ban c\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t. Th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng may, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua \u2014 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

    L\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00e0ng cho s\u00e0n<\/h2>\n

    N\u1ebfu t\u1ea5m ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t s\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb xong, l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00e0ng kh\u1eafp m\u1eb7t s\u00e0n\u00a0 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n d\u1ec5 nh\u1ea5t (h\u00ecnh 6). Theo kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ban c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ea5m n\u1ed1i ch\u1ed3ng b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ecb th\u1ee7ng. \u0110\u1ed5 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp b\u00ea t\u00f4ng l\u00ean tr\u00ean ngay sau khi l\u1eafp m\u00e0ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi vi\u1ec7c di chuy\u1ec3n tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

    \"\"
    T\u1ea5m m\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t b\u00ean tr\u00ean t\u1ea5m ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e1 l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia c\u00f4ng chi ti\u1ebft<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

    L\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t thanh ch\u1eef T<\/h2>\n

    Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1edbp b\u00ea t\u00f4ng l\u00ean tr\u00ean, thanh ch\u1eef T \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ea1nh ban c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ea1ch. V\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t khung b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng (h\u00ecnh 7). Thanh ch\u1eef T th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh 2 lo\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c l\u1ed7, lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp tr\u1ea7n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o thanh ch\u1eef T v\u00e0 ch\u1ea3y ra ngo\u00e0i.<\/li>\n
    • Ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n, lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng b\u00ean tr\u00ean t\u1ea5m ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t ra b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00fang<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u0110\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng SAF g\u1ea5p l\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed7i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y bu\u1ed9c thanh ch\u1eef T cung c\u1ea5p kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. V\u00e0 gi\u00fap b\u1ecbt k\u00edn c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y bu\u1ed9c (h\u00ecnh 8). Trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t, vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 khe h\u1edf quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a g\u1ed7 \u1edf m\u00e9p ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a ban c\u00f4ng. N\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00edch t\u1ee5 tr\u00ean m\u00e0ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi n\u00f3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 qua c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac g\u1ed7. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

      L\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t neo lan can<\/h2>\n

      Trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t, neo lan can th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i g\u1ed7 m\u1ee5c. C\u00e1c h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c tr\u00ean t\u1ea5m tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn ch\u1eb7t qua (v\u00e0 l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng) m\u00e0ng. M\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh neo lan can v\u00e0o s\u00e0n, t\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o l\u1edbp ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m. V\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m nh\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0n tr\u1ee5 lan can. Ho\u1eb7c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i ph\u00eda tr\u00ean b\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi tr\u1ee5 lan can r\u1ed7ng.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

      \"\"C\u00e1c thanh ch\u1eef T \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m nh\u00fang tr\u1ee5 lan can \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf l\u1edbp ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m.<\/span><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
      \"\"M\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec7m, bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m t\u1ef1 d\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ea5p l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed7i thanh bu\u1ed9c ch\u1eef T \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi v\u00e0 gi\u00fap b\u1ecbt k\u00edn l\u1ed1i \u0111i c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y bu\u1ed9c.<\/span><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

      \u0110\u1ed5 l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng<\/h3>\n

      L\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m ban c\u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1ecfi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. \u0110\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp s\u01a1n. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m d\u1ed1c \u0111\u00fang ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. Th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng may, nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c. \u0110i\u1ec3m th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi thanh ch\u1eef T. V\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m cao nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1eeda (v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p). Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u n\u00ean th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng khi ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u00ea t\u00f4ng. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdng l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (H\u00ecnh 10).\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

      C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ea t\u00f4ng (QC) th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t. Cho ph\u00e9p n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eeba th\u1ea5m v\u00e0o l\u1edbp ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m.<\/span> N\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o m\u1eabu ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh s\u1edbm. C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t s\u1ebd h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf n\u1ee9t trong b\u00ea t\u00f4ng. \u0110\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

      \"\"
      Ban c\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra l\u0169 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea7y n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
      \"\"
      T\u1ea5m b\u00ea t\u00f4ng tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea3i c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u.<\/span> C\u00e1c khe n\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea3i v\u00e0o b\u00ea t\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t c\u1ea7u.<\/span><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

      K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/h2>\n

      \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 m\u1ee5c n\u00e1t sau n\u00e0y, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i thi c\u00f4ng t\u1eebng l\u1edbp ban c\u00f4ng khung g\u1ed7 theo c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t.<\/span> Bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c<\/span>:<\/p>\n

        \n
      • l\u00e0m d\u1ed1c l\u1edbp n\u1ec1n;<\/li>\n
      • ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i;<\/li>\n
      • b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c g\u00f3c v\u1edbi l\u1edbp ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m b\u1ed5 sung;<\/li>\n
      • cung c\u1ea5p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb m\u00e0ng;<\/li>\n
      • d\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed5 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng l\u00ean m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf n\u1ee9t n\u1ebb.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eebng chi ti\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ban c\u00f4ng khung g\u1ed7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a t\u00f2a nh\u00e0.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        C\u00e1c ban c\u00f4ng khung g\u1ed7 c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng cao do r\u00f2 r\u1ec9, h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y. Tr\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi. T\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u1ea9n do n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i v\u00e0o. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 tr\u1edf…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":5193,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[246],"tags":[279,374],"gioi":[],"class_list":["post-5184","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ban-cong-xanh","tag-greenteck","tag-thi-cong"],"yoast_head":"\n\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ban c\u00f4ng: C\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eed th\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian - Ng\u0169 T\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u00ean<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Greenteck cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf trang tr\u00ed v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m ban c\u00f4ng th\u00fa v\u1ecb uy t\u00edn, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh h\u1ee3p l\u00fd\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ngutuongvien.vn\/blog\/dam-bao-do-ben-cua-ban-cong-cac-chi-tiet-chong-tham-truoc-thu-thach-cua-thoi-gian\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ban c\u00f4ng: C\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eed th\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian - 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